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2007-08 Seminars

The CO2 and NOX impacts on plants as a result of regulation cycling

Ralph D. Masiello
Sr. Vice President
Energy Systems Consulting
KEMA, Inc.

Abstract
The hourly and minute by minute volatility of renewable generation, especially wind, poses operational problems for grid operators. System control area regulation or Automatic generation control is adversely affected. Also, the real time dispatch or balancing energy markets can be adversely affected. Several recent intermittent generation studies have identified the problem but not analyzed in it detail. KEMA has recently performed work that dynamically simulates grid operations in some detail and which allows the study of the performance implications of renewable generation. The study also demonstrates the applicability and effectiveness of storage technologies to mitigate wind volatility.